NECO GCE 2025 Literature – Prose & Obj

NABTEB GCE LITERATURE OBJ (TYPE A)
01-10: CCDBABBABC
11-20: ABDCBACADD
21-30: ADBADBCDDB
31-40: BDBAABDBCB
41-50: DADAACBAAC

COMPLETED

NABTEB GCE 2025 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH ANSWERS (PROSE – TYPE A)

PART I: ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION ONLY

(1)
In Buchi Emecheta’s Second-Class Citizen, the theme of conflict is a central and multifaceted element, profoundly shaping the interpersonal dynamics between Adah and Francis. This conflict arises from a complex interplay of societal expectations, gender inequality, personal aspirations, and the immigrant experience in post-war Britain. Their relationship serves as a microcosm of the broader societal struggles faced by women, particularly those navigating the complexities of cultural assimilation and patriarchal structures.
One primary source of conflict stems from the stark contrast in their individual aspirations and values. Adah, driven by an insatiable thirst for education and self-actualization, views her intellectual pursuits as paramount. Francis, on the other hand, prioritizes social status, financial security, and adherence to traditional gender roles. This fundamental difference in their worldviews creates a persistent tension, as Francis often undermines Adah’s ambitions, viewing them as secondary to her domestic responsibilities. For instance, his reluctance to support her educational endeavors and his expectation that she single-handedly manage the household while working full-time exemplify this conflict. The tension is not merely a personal disagreement but reflects a broader societal conflict between traditional expectations and modern aspirations for women.
In other words, the power dynamics within their relationship are a significant source of conflict. Francis, influenced by patriarchal norms, expects Adah to be subservient and compliant. He exerts control through emotional manipulation, financial dependence, and, at times, physical intimidation. Adah’s resistance to this control, her attempts to assert her independence, and her refusal to be silenced lead to frequent clashes. A critical point of contention is Francis’s infidelity, which deeply wounds Adah and underscores the unequal power dynamic in their marriage. Her struggle for autonomy is not just a personal battle but a challenge to the systemic power imbalances that disadvantage women.
The immigrant experience in Britain further exacerbates these conflicts. The challenges of navigating a new culture, coupled with the racism and discrimination they face, place additional strain on their relationship. Francis’s inability to find stable employment and his reliance on Adah’s income create resentment and fuel his insecurities, leading to further conflict. Adah, as the primary breadwinner and caregiver, bears the brunt of these challenges, while also grappling with the emotional and psychological toll of being a “second-class citizen” in a foreign land. This shared experience of marginalization, rather than uniting them, becomes another battleground in their relationship.
Moreover, the theme of conflict is evident in their communication patterns. Adah and Francis struggle to communicate effectively, often resorting to arguments and accusations rather than engaging in constructive dialogue. Their inability to understand each other’s perspectives and needs further deepens the rift between them. Francis’s dismissive attitude towards Adah’s feelings and his lack of empathy contribute to her sense of isolation and alienation. This breakdown in communication is not just a matter of personal incompatibility but reflects the broader societal barriers that prevent open and honest dialogue between men and women.
In conclusion, the theme of conflict in Second-Class Citizen is a multifaceted and pervasive element that shapes the core of Adah and Francis’s interpersonal relationship. Rooted in societal expectations, gender inequality, personal aspirations, and the immigrant experience, these conflicts expose the deep-seated tensions that undermine their marriage. Emecheta’s portrayal of these conflicts serves as a powerful critique of the constraints imposed on women and the challenges they face in navigating interpersonal relationships within oppressive social structures. The novel prompts a critical examination of the societal norms and power dynamics that perpetuate inequality and hinder genuine connection between individuals.
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(2)
Buchi Emecheta’s Second-Class Citizen derives much of its strength from its distinctive language and narrative style. These elements work in concert to create a compelling and authentic portrayal of Adah’s experiences, contributing significantly to the novel’s impact and enduring relevance.
One of the key strengths of Emecheta’s language is its accessibility and directness. She avoids overly ornate or complex prose, opting instead for a straightforward and conversational tone. This approach allows readers to connect with Adah’s story on a personal level, fostering empathy and understanding. The simplicity of the language does not diminish its power; rather, it enhances the emotional resonance of the narrative. Emecheta’s ability to convey complex emotions and experiences using simple, unadorned language is a testament to her skill as a writer. For example, when describing Adah’s feelings of isolation and alienation in London, Emecheta uses concise and evocative language that captures the essence of her emotional state without resorting to melodrama.
In other words, Emecheta incorporates elements of Nigerian English and Igbo expressions into the dialogue and narrative. This linguistic authenticity adds depth and richness to the portrayal of Adah’s cultural identity and her experiences as an immigrant in Britain. The use of Nigerian English not only reflects the characters’ cultural background but also serves to challenge the dominance of standard English, asserting the validity and value of African voices and experiences. The inclusion of Igbo words and phrases, often untranslated, immerses the reader in Adah’s world and underscores the cultural distance between her and the dominant British society.
Another strength of Emecheta’s style is her use of irony and satire to critique societal norms and power structures. She often employs irony to highlight the contradictions and absurdities of the patriarchal society in which Adah lives. For example, the title Second-Class Citizen is itself ironic, as it underscores the devaluing of women in a society that claims to uphold equality. Emecheta’s satirical portrayal of the British welfare system and the attitudes of some British people towards immigrants further exposes the injustices and inequalities faced by Adah and other marginalized groups.
In conclusion, the language and style of Second-Class Citizen are integral to its strength and impact. Emecheta’s accessible language, incorporation of Nigerian English, realistic narrative style, first-person perspective, and use of irony and satire all contribute to the novel’s power and enduring relevance. Through her skillful use of language and style, Emecheta creates a compelling and authentic portrayal of Adah’s experiences, challenging readers to confront uncomfortable truths about gender inequality, racism, and the immigrant experience.
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(3)
In Alex Agyei-Agyiri’s Unexpected Joy at Dawn, the theme of xenophobia and racial intolerance is a pervasive and destructive force that shapes the lives of the characters and underscores the socio-political landscape of the narrative. The novel vividly portrays the devastating consequences of prejudice, discrimination, and the fear of the “other,” particularly in the context of post-colonial African nations and immigrant experiences in Europe.
One of the primary manifestations of xenophobia is seen in the treatment of Ghanaian immigrants in Nigeria. Following economic and political instability in Ghana during the late 1960s and early 1980s, many Ghanaians sought opportunities in neighboring Nigeria. However, this influx of immigrants was met with resentment and hostility, culminating in the infamous “Ghana Must Go” expulsion orders of 1983 and 1985. Agyei-Agyiri depicts the brutal reality of these expulsions, highlighting the arbitrary arrests, forced deportations, and confiscation of property experienced by Ghanaian migrants. The novel illustrates how economic anxieties and political opportunism can fuel xenophobic sentiments, leading to the scapegoating and persecution of vulnerable populations.
In other words, Unexpected Joy at Dawn explores the insidious nature of racial intolerance in Europe, particularly in Germany. Mama Orojo and her family encounter prejudice and discrimination based on their race and ethnicity. They face subtle forms of racism, such as being overlooked for opportunities or being subjected to microaggressions, as well as more overt forms of discrimination, such as racial slurs and acts of violence. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of societies that claim to uphold ideals of equality and tolerance while simultaneously perpetuating racial prejudice. Agyei-Agyiri demonstrates how racial intolerance can manifest in various ways, from individual attitudes to systemic practices, and how it can have a profound impact on the lives of those who experience it.
The theme of xenophobia is further explored through the experiences of characters who are perceived as “outsiders” within their own communities. For example, Joe’s struggles as an artist who challenges traditional norms and expectations can be seen as a form of social xenophobia. His unconventional lifestyle and artistic pursuits set him apart from the mainstream, leading to criticism and ostracism. Similarly, characters who embrace intercultural relationships or challenge ethnic boundaries may face suspicion and hostility from those who prioritize ethnic purity and cultural homogeneity.
Agyei-Agyiri also examines the psychological effects of xenophobia and racial intolerance on individuals and communities. The characters in the novel experience feelings of fear, insecurity, and alienation as a result of being targeted for their ethnicity or nationality. They struggle to maintain their sense of identity and belonging in the face of constant prejudice and discrimination. The novel highlights the importance of empathy, understanding, and solidarity in combating xenophobia and promoting inclusivity.
In conclusion, the theme of xenophobia and racial intolerance is a central and pervasive element of Unexpected Joy at Dawn. Agyei-Agyiri masterfully portrays the devastating consequences of prejudice and discrimination, exposing the human cost of xenophobia and calling for a more just and equitable world. The novel serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of challenging intolerance and embracing diversity in all its forms.
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(4)
Alex Agyei-Agyiri’s Unexpected Joy at Dawn employs a rich tapestry of symbolism to deepen the narrative’s meaning and enhance its emotional resonance. Through carefully chosen symbols, Agyei-Agyiri explores themes of hope, reconciliation, identity, and the complex relationship between tradition and modernity.
One of the most prominent symbols in the novel is the “dawn” itself, as reflected in the title. The dawn symbolizes new beginnings, hope, and the promise of a brighter future. It represents the possibility of overcoming past traumas and building a more just and equitable society. The “unexpected joy” associated with the dawn suggests that even in the darkest of times, there is always the potential for hope and renewal. This symbol is particularly significant in the context of the novel’s exploration of the aftermath of political upheaval and social conflict.
The character of Mama Orojo serves as a powerful symbol of resilience, strength, and cultural identity. As a matriarch who has weathered numerous challenges and hardships, Mama Orojo embodies the spirit of the Ghanaian people. Her unwavering commitment to her family and her cultural heritage represents the enduring power of tradition in the face of modernity. She also symbolizes the importance of preserving one’s identity in the diaspora, as she strives to maintain her Ghanaian roots while adapting to life in Europe.
The yam festival, a traditional Ghanaian celebration, is another significant symbol in the novel. The yam festival represents cultural heritage, community solidarity, and the cyclical nature of life. It is a time for celebration, thanksgiving, and remembrance of ancestors. The festival serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving cultural traditions in the face of globalization and cultural homogenization. It also symbolizes the interconnectedness of past, present, and future.
Clothing and attire also function as symbols in the novel, representing cultural identity and social status. Traditional Ghanaian clothing, such as kente cloth, symbolizes cultural pride and heritage. In contrast, Western-style clothing may represent assimilation and integration into European society. The characters’ choices in clothing often reflect their evolving sense of identity and their relationship to their cultural roots.
The character of Joe, the artist, can be seen as a symbol of creativity, innovation, and social change. His art challenges traditional norms and expectations, pushing the boundaries of artistic expression. Joe’s artistic pursuits represent the power of creativity to transform society and inspire new ways of thinking. He also symbolizes the struggle between tradition and modernity, as he seeks to reconcile his cultural heritage with his artistic vision.
The act of storytelling itself serves as a symbol of cultural preservation and intergenerational connection. The characters in the novel share stories of their past, passing down knowledge, values, and traditions to future generations. Storytelling becomes a way of preserving cultural memory and maintaining a sense of identity in the face of displacement and cultural loss.
In conclusion, Agyei-Agyiri’s Unexpected Joy at Dawn is rich in symbolism, with each symbol contributing to the novel’s thematic depth and emotional resonance. Through these symbols, Agyei-Agyiri explores complex issues of identity, culture, and the human experience, inviting readers to reflect on the power of hope, resilience, and the enduring importance of cultural heritage.
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